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Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army
Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army or Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army ((ビルマ語:မြန်မာအမျိုးသား ဒီမိုကရက်တစ် မဟာမိတ်တပ်မတော်); abbreviated MNDAA) is a rebel army in Kokang, northeastern Burma. The army has existed since 1989, having been the first one to sign a ceasefire with the Burmese government that lasted for about two decades.〔(Ethnic group in Myanmar said to break cease-fire ). Associated Press. 28 August 2009.〕 Yang Mao-liang is the leader of the MNDAA and its political wing is the Kokang Democracy Party (KDP).〔Fredholm, Michael (1993). ''Burma: ethnicity and insurgency.'' Praeger. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-275-94370-7.〕
==History==
The army was formed on 12 March 1989, after the local Communist Party of Burma leader, Phone Kyar Shin (Peng Jia Sheng), dissatisfied with the communists, broke away and formed the MNDAA.〔South, Ashley (2008). ''Ethnic politics in Burma: states of conflict.'' Taylor & Francis. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-203-89519-1.〕 Along with his brother, Peng Jiafu, they became the new unit in Kokang.〔Rotberg, Robert (1998). ''Burma: prospects for a democratic future.'' Brookings Institution Press. p. 169.〕 The strength of the army is between 1,500 and 2,000 men.〔
The rebels soon became the first group to agree to a ceasefire with the government troops. Thus the Burmese government refers to the Kokang region controlled by the MNDAA as ‘Shan State Special Region 1’, indicating the MNDAA was the first group in the area of Shan State to sign a cease-fire agreement.〔 After the ceasefire, the area underwent an economic boom, with both the MNDAA and regional Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw) troops benefiting financially from increased opium harvests and heroin-refining.〔Skidmore, Monique; Wilson, Trevor (2007). ''Myanmar: the state, community and the environment.'' ANU E Press. p. 69.〕 The area also produces methamphetamine.〔Shanty, Frank; Mishra, Patit Paban (2007). ''Organized crime: from trafficking to terrorism.'' ABC-CLIO. p. 70.〕 The MNDAA and other paramilitary groups control the cultivation areas, making it an easy target for drug trafficking and organised crime groups.〔 Peace Myanmar Group is used to launder and reinvest MNDAA's drug profits in the legal economy.
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